Bone Abstracts

Using ovariectomized rats as an animal model of postmenopausal women, we examined the causal relationship between fluoride (F) exposure and the high risk of development of osteoporosis. In order to obtain the estrogen (Es) deficient animals, 5-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats, which were overiectomized at 3- and the 5-week-old female rats without ovariectomy were purchased. The overiectomized rats were divided into two groups: the Es deficient, and the combination of Es defic...